ABSTRACT
This paper describes the Manufacturing Engineering Education Partnership (MEEP) project's summative assessment strategy. Since 1994, three universities, Penn State, University of Washington and University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez, in collaboration with Sandia National Laboratories, have been working together to develop a new, practice-based curriculum and physical facilities for product realization and manufacturing. The overall outcome is the development at each participating institution of what we call The Learning Factory. In addition to describing the project's four major tasks and deliverables, we present the assessment plan, its principal elements, and the tools used for qualitative evaluation. Finally, the paper highlights some of the assessment results and reviews some of the elements that made this partnership a success. The assessment strategy presented in this paper could be used as a model for similar multi-institutional, multi-task projects.
INTRODUCTION
Background
During the last decade, the National Science Foundation (NSF) has sponsored coalitions and partnerships between various higher educational institutions, which focus on enhancing undergraduate engineering education.(1) The goals and objectives of these projects - oftentimes multi-million dollar, multi-institutional, and interdisciplinary - are carried out by working teams. In 1994, NSF granted (with funds from the ARPA Technology Reinvestment Program) a unique group of universities - Penn State, University of Washington and University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez - in collaboration with Sandia National money to a project called the Manufacturing Engineering Education Partnership (MEEP). The overall outcome of the project was the development of what we call The Learning Factory at each participating institution. The program calls for the development of a new practice-based curriculum and physical facilities for product realization and manufacturing. The major goal is to provide an improved educational experience that emphasizes the interdependency of manufacturing and design in a business environment. The overall outcome intended to graduate better engineering professionals exhibiting the knowledge and skills needed to succeed in the highly competitive world of today and tomorrow. The key element in this approach is active learning: the combination of curriculum revitalization coordinated with hands-on experiences. Thus, the gap is reduced between traditional lecture vs laboratory, academia vs industrial experiences. Through extraordinary teaming efforts, MEEP institutions have achieved the goals of the partnership with singular success.
However, working together to achieve goals is not an easy task, especially among diverse engineering schools such as the constituents of engineering education coalitions. On March 1996, leaders from the eight established engineering coalitions discussed their productivity and problems. They concluded that while they made progress in achieving their goals, they still face several challenges. (2) Most of these have to do with communication and managing logistics of operating large, diverse projects involving faculty from multiple disciplines and different institutions. Teamwork plays an important role in achieving goals in these kinds of projects. However, bringing a group of people together to work independently and accomplish difficult tasks does not always guarantee success. Certain unique conditions and synergy need to exist in order for a team to achieve its goals. Although much has been said and written about the success and pitfalls of working teams, there is no perfect recipe for success. Some literature states that effective teamwork depends on many variables - among them vision, expectations, team's goals and composition, leadership, and support.
Another aspect identified as critical by coalition leaders was assessment. Some found it difficult to design a strong assessment program implemented project-wide to measure the impact of their novel curricula. Therefore, outcomes assessment, which is required by many granting agencies, also seems to play another important role in ensuring success. The assessment strategy must be designed at the project inception and should be intimately associated with the project's goals and objectives. Basically, there are two kinds of assessments: formative and summative. The purpose of the formative assessment is to assess progress in meeting a project's or task's goals, whereas the purpose of the summative assessment is to evaluate the project's outcomes. Assessment and subsequent evaluation of the results are critical for any project or program, since they provide feedback and suggestions for improvement.(3),(4)
This paper briefly describes MEEP's tasks and deliverables and presents the project's outcomes assessment strategy. It also presents and discusses results.
MEEP'S GOALS AND TASKS(5)
MEEP's goals were achieved through four major tasks, namely:
More than 90 corporate partners covering a wide-spectrum of US industries and government, and more than 40 faculty members from three institutions have teamed for two and a half years to achieve these goals.
ASSESSMENT STRATEGY
MEEP's assessment strategy has both qualitative as well as quantitative components intimately linked to the project's goals. The MEEP Strategic Plan pinpointed the qualitative data that needed to be gathered. Some of the data for each task currently being gathered at the three institutions include the following:
Curriculum Development |
* number of new courses developed |
* number of existing courses modified to use the Learning Factory |
* number of students choosing to take new courses |
* number of faculty and staff involved in the project |
* job placement statistics |
* number of industrial projects integrated into the capstone design course |
* number of "engineers in the classroom", seminars and lectures by visiting professionals |
* number of courses or modules transferred internally |
* number of requests for information or course modules by other institutions |
Integrated Learning Factory (ILF) |
* resource acquisition /donations |
* student usage |
* projects or process activities |
* shared use within the institution |
* training activities |
Industrial Partners |
* number of industrial partners |
* number of program graduates recruited by industrial partners |
* number of courses/hours provided to partners in continuing education |
* number of hours that industrial partners participate in education programs |
* number of students enrolled in internship programs |
* number of industrial projects |
* number of co-authored papers between faculty and industrial partners |
Outreach |
* number of courses developed suitable for transfer or distance learning |
* number of outreach institutions |
* number of courses utilized by other institutions |
* number of students participating in outreach activities |
* number of journal papers and presentations |
* number of participants in annual workshops |
* ILF outreach activities |
This paper describes the strategy designed to gather qualitative data to evaluate the project's outcomes.
OUTCOMES ASSESSMENT
The following methodology was used:
An assessment team, composed of one representative from each institution (PSU, UW, UPRM), was in charge of the design and implementation of the assessment process. The team had the following responsibilities:
The most critical phase of the assessment strategy was the development of the qualitative outcomes assessment tools. Faculty, students and industrial partners participated actively in the design of the following tools:
. Table 2 presents the Curriculum Development Matrix.
IMPLEMENTATION SCENARIO
All stakeholders within the institutions involved were surveyed: faculty, students, industrial partners and other institutions. At the time of the writing of this paper, 181 surveys had been completed. Highlights of the results follow.
EVALUATION HIGHLIGHTS
OVERALL QUANTITATIVE ACCOMPLISHMENTS
QUALITATIVE ASSESSMENT RESULTS
The following table summarizes the respondents profile of the surveys:
Faculty
* 57% involved in course development * 50% currently teaching a course * 21% female |
14 |
Students
* 96% undergraduates * 73% taken one course * 24% taken two courses |
122 |
Industrial Partners
* 69% Industrial Advisory Board members * 52% involved in student projects |
42 |
Other institutions
* 2 external evaluators * 1 Sandia National Labs |
3 |
TOTAL | 181 |
The following section is a summary of the responses to the various issues associated to the goals and objectives of the project. [Number refer to percents of respondents who strongly agree or agree to a given issue]:
RE: MEEP courses/program and the Learning Factory (LF)
Student responses:
RE: Teaming among institutions:
Faculty responses:
RE: Industrial Advisory Board (IAB):
RE: Faculty issues
RE: Outreach
SURVEY COMMENTS
Industrial Partners:
Students:
Faculty:
External Evaluators:
FACULTY/INDUSTRY FOCUS GROUP
The focus group consisted of eight faculty members and two industrial partners from all of the institutions, and centered in the question: Why has this partnership worked? Below is a list of issues and elements identified as key indicators of the success of this partnership:
UNSUSPECTED OUTCOMES
In addition to the expected project outcomes, we had some unsuspected consequences, that may or may not have resulted exclusively from MEEP.
CONCLUSIONS
A fundamental difference between this curricular reform and others is the strong partnership which was created between faculty, and between industry and academe. The curriculum reform involved more than 40 faculty from four time zones and representatives from nearly 100 companies, both large and small who have taken significant responsibility in assuring that the topics and the focus of the new courses are relevant and germane to companies in both the civilian and defense sectors. Faculty have consulted with our industry partners about the roles of concurrent engineering, industry experts have visited the academic partners to advise about entrepreneurial issues, and many industrially-based senior design projects have been tackled in Year 2 by students in the MEEP Partnership. From the assessment data we may conclude that there is a high degree of acceptance and satisfaction of the MEEP program by all stakeholders and that the major goals of the project have been met with success. This effort has allowed the partnership to achieve its goals with extraordinary results and has produced the following benefits:
ACTING ON ASSESSMENT RESULTS - FUTURE WORK
Assessment results are extremely valuable to all constituents not only to prove if goals were met, but to support paradigm changes in engineering education, and to develop new enterprises. We believe that this kind of curricular reform can be transported and integrated effort into other areas in engineering and science. But this effort should be recognized by administrators as an important and critical part of scholarly work. In terms of potential future outcomes, we are aware that it is too early to evaluate this project's inherent capacity to impact students, faculty, participant organizations and employers. Therefore, it is important to continue our assessment efforts, by conducting a longitudinal study of the students' outcomes. Finally, we believe that the Learning Factory and MEEP's curriculum model is very much in line with ABET 2000 criteria, therefore, it could be used to impact other engineering program's.
BIOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION
Lueny Morell de Ramírez
Professor of Chemical Engineering at the University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez and
Assistant
to the Chancellor for Academic Affairs. Address: P.O. Box 5000 College Station,
Mayagüez,
Puerto Rico 00681-5000. Voice: 787-265-3878; Fax: 787-834-3031; e-mail:
lueny@dediego.upr.clu.edu
José L. Zayas
Professor of Industrial Engineering and Associate Dean of Engineering at the University of
Puerto Rico at Mayagüez. Address: P.O. Box 5000 College Station, Mayagüez, P.R.
00681-5000. Voice: (787) 832-4040 ext. 3823 Fax: (787) 833-6965; e-mail:
jzayas@exodo.upr.clu.edu
John S. Lamancusa
Associate Professor of Mechanical Engineering, and Director of the Learning Factory,
Pennsylvania State University. Address: Mechanical Engineering Department, 157 Hammond
Buiding, Mechanical Engineering Department, Penn State University,University Park, PA
16802. Voice: 814-863-3350; Fax: 814-863-7222;
e-mail: jsl3@psu.edu
Jens Jorgensen
Professor, Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
98195-2600. Voice: (206) 543-5449; Fax: (206) 685-8047; e-mail: jorgen@me.washington.edu
Table 1. MEEP's Overall Assessment Design Matrix
Task | Goals and Objectives | Stakeholders | Student | Faculty | Industrials/others |
Curriculum Development | * Develop a new interdisciplinary, practice-based Curriculum which emphasizes the interdependency of manufacturing and design, in a business environment | X | X | X |
* Develop a new paradigm for coalition-wide course development, sharing and export to the academic community at-large |   | X | X | |
* Integrate these new courses into the permanent academic programs of the respective universities | X | X | X | |
* Facilitate and encourage the inclusion of more design/manufacturing content into existing courses | X | X | X | |
Integrated Learning Factory | * Implement the Integrated Learning Factory (ILF) to support curriculum activities locally and across the partnership | X | X | X |
* Initiate the capstone design project course with industrial support | X | X | X | |
* Establish linkages to
* partnership school facilities and activities * local industry and community colleges * national industry, universities, and research institutions. |
X | X | X | |
Industrial Partners | * Establish a local Industrial Advisory Board |   | X | X |
* Create a liaison that will interact with the coalition task leader for Industrial Partnership |   | X | X | |
* Expand the industrial sponsor base | X | X | X | |
* Coordinate the development of industrial based projects for undergraduate students , and exchange progams to support the curriculum | X | X | X | |
* Identify strategies to amplify the effectiveness of the Learning Factory | X | X | X | |
Outreach | * Develop a process for the members to fully share instructional, laboratory, and manufacturing facilities. | X | X | X |
* Develop a process for external institutions to participate in the MEEP educational program. | X | X | X |
Table 2. Curriculum Development Matrix
Question 1: Was a new interdisciplinary, practice-based curriculum which emphasizes the interdependency of manufacturing and design, in a business environment developed? | |||
Subquestions | Data Collection Approach | Respondents (9) | Schedule (10) |
1a. Did the program allow students to practice their engineering science fundamentals in the solution of real problems? | Questionnaire (Q) or Focus Group (FG) Samples | S, F, I | |
1b. Are professional communication and team skills emphasized? | Q or FG
Samples Interviews |
S, F, I | |
1c. Are case studies, active learning techniques, and computer technologies extensively used in the classroom? | Q or FG
Samples |
S, F | |
1d. Did the program provide previously unavailable opportunities for hands on engineering experience in the Learning Factory? | Q or FG | S, F | |
1e. Did the partner schools exchange information and learn from each other's experiences? | Q or FG | S, F, I | |
1f. Did you take courses with students from disciplines other than engineering? | Q or FG | S | |
1g. Did you develop or modify courses to accommodate multiple engineering disciplines? | Q or FG | F | |
Question 2: Was a new paradigm for coalition-wide courses development, sharing and export to the academic community at-large developed? | |||
Subquestions | Data Collection Approach | Respondents | Schedule |
2a. Were resources and ideas shared, avoiding redundant efforts? Were new technologies for communication utilized, achieving consensus on curriculum content? | Q or FG Samples | S, F, I | |
2b. Were jointly developed curriculum materials easily transported among the MEEP partners, and exported to the academic community at large? | Q or FG | S, F | |
2c. Were computer technologies, multimedia and electronic communications used? | Q or FG
Samples |
S, F | |
2d. Did you participate with partnership professors to develop course materials? How effective? | Q or FG | F | |
Question 3: Were these new courses integrated into the permanent academic programs of the respective universities. | |||
Subquestions | Data Collection Approach | Respondents | Schedule |
3a. Is the interdisciplinary curriculum available as minor or a degree option at the participating schools? | Q or FG | S, F | |
3b. Were the institutional changes approved by the faculty at the departmental, college and university levels? | Q or FG | F | |
Question 4: Was the inclusion of more design/manufacturing content into existing courses facilitated and encouraged? | |||
Subquestions | Data Collection Approach | Respondents | Schedule |
4a. Did the partnership develop courses with more, the same or less an industrial focus than other courses at your institution? | Q or FG | S, F, I | |
4b. Were real-life problems provided by industry? | Sample of students projects | S, F, I | |
4c. What was the impact of MEEP (courses, the LF, Industrial Partnership))on other courses, programs, projects, etc. at your institution? | Q or FG | F, O |
MANUFACTURING ENGINEERING EDUCATION
PARTNERSHIP
MEEP
INDUSTRY SURVEY
The Learning Factory is a new practice based curriculum and physical facilities for product realization that has been developed at three institutions: Penn State, the University of Washington, the University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez in collaboration with Sandia National Labs. Its goal is to provide an improved educational experience that emphasizes the interdependency of manufacturing and design in a business environment. The key element in this approach is active learning - the combination of curriculum revitalization with coordinated opportunities for application and hands on experience.
This questionnaire has been designed to assess the performance and products of this program. Please answer it to the best of your knowledge.
Name:
__________________
Company:
__________________
Partner University:
[ ] UPR-M [ ] PSU [ ] UW
[ ] Other__________________
Your Involvement with the program:
[ ] Member of Industrial Partner Board [ ] Expert in the classroom
[ ] Involved with students projects [ ]
Other__________________
Instructions:
The following items reflect some of the ways in which the Manufacturing Engineering Partnership (MEEP) can be described. Please fill in the numbered circle which indicates THE DEGREE TO WHICH YOU AGREE that each item is descriptive of the experiences you were exposed to and provided by the program. If you have no information or feel an item does not apply, please fill in the N/A circle.
The program allowed students to practice engineering science fundamentals in the solution of
real problems.
[ ] Strongly Agree [ ] Agree [ ] Neutral
[ ] Disagree [ ] Strongly Disagree
[ ] N/A
Professional communications skills were enhanced.
[ ] Strongly Agree [ ] Agree [ ] Neutral
[ ] Disagree [ ] Strongly Disagree
[ ] N/A
Team work skills were enhanced.
[ ] Strongly Agree [ ] Agree [ ] Neutral
[ ] Disagree [ ] Strongly Disagree
[ ] N/A
The partner schools learned from each other's experience.
[ ] Strongly Agree [ ] Agree [ ] Neutral
[ ] Disagree [ ] Strongly Disagree
[ ] N/A
Resources and ideas were shared, avoiding redundant efforts.
[ ] Strongly Agree [ ] Agree [ ] Neutral
[ ] Disagree [ ] Strongly Disagree
[ ] N/A
Real life problems were provided.
[ ] Strongly Agree [ ] Agree [ ] Neutral
[ ] Disagree [ ] Strongly Disagree
[ ] N/A
New technologies for communication were utilized on curriculum content.
[ ] Strongly Agree [ ] Agree [ ] Neutral
[ ] Disagree [ ] Strongly Disagree
[ ] N/A
The local Industrial Advisory Board (IAB) provided quality strategic and operation guidance
to
the local institution.
[ ] Strongly Agree [ ] Agree [ ] Neutral
[ ] Disagree [ ] Strongly Disagree
[ ] N/A
The local IAB supported MEEP's activities providing financial and/or non financial
resources.
[ ] Strongly Agree [ ] Agree [ ] Neutral
[ ] Disagree [ ] Strongly Disagree
[ ] N/A
There was good communication between industrial sponsors and the institution.
[ ] Strongly Agree [ ] Agree [ ] Neutral
[ ] Disagree [ ] Strongly Disagree
[ ] N/A
Each institution provided the IAB the right information in a timely fashion.
[ ] Strongly Agree [ ] Agree [ ] Neutral
[ ] Disagree [ ] Strongly Disagree
[ ] N/A
The MEEP's Industrial Advisory Board (IAB) evaluated the overall progress of the program.
[ ] Strongly Agree [ ] Agree [ ] Neutral
[ ] Disagree [ ] Strongly Disagree
[ ] N/A
The partnership reported progress and activities related to participation in curriculum
development.
[ ] Strongly Agree [ ] Agree [ ] Neutral
[ ] Disagree [ ] Strongly Disagree
[ ] N/A
The MEEP's IAB provided support in actions/activities that are relevant to the program.
[ ] Strongly Agree [ ] Agree [ ] Neutral
[ ] Disagree [ ] Strongly Disagree
[ ] N/A
The partnership reported progress and activities related to participation in the classroom
teaching.
[ ] Strongly Agree [ ] Agree [ ] Neutral
[ ] Disagree [ ] Strongly Disagree
[ ] N/A
Students completing the MEEP program are more useful to our industry.
[ ] Strongly Agree [ ] Agree [ ] Neutral
[ ] Disagree [ ] Strongly Disagree
[ ] N/A
My Industry and company is more likely to hire a MEEP trained student than a traditionally
trained student.
[ ] Strongly Agree [ ] Agree [ ] Neutral
[ ] Disagree [ ] Strongly Disagree
[ ] N/A
Would you encourage other companies to participate in the program and coalition? Why?
What can be improved with MEEP?
Comments:
MANUFACTURING ENGINEERING EDUCATION
PARTNERSHIP
MEEP
STUDENT SURVEY
The Learning Factory is a new practice based curriculum and physical facilities for product realization. Its goal is to provide an improved educational experience that emphasizes the interdependency of Manufacturing and design in a business environment. The key element in this approach is active learning - the combination of curriculum revitalization with coordinated opportunities for application and hands on experience.
University:
[ ] UPR-M [ ] PSU [ ] UW
[ ] Other__________________
Major:
[ ] Mechanical Eng. [ ] Chemical Eng. [ ]
Industrial Eng. [ ] Other__________________
[ ] Graduate student [ ] Undergraduate student
Involvement with MEEP:
[ ] Taken 1 course [ ] Taken more than 1 course
[ ] Research Assistant [ ] Other__________________
The program courses at your institution were offered as: (Check all that
apply)
[ ] as part of a minor [ ] as electives [ ] as part
of a
degree option [ ] required for the major
[ ] Other__________________
The courses were:
[ ] interdisciplinary [ ] engineering students only
[ ] students from only one department
Instructions:
The following items reflect some of the ways in which the Manufacturing Engineering Partnership (MEEP) can be described. Please fill in the checkbox which indicates THE DEGREE TO WHICH YOU AGREE that each item is descriptive of the experiences you were exposed to and provided by the program. If you have no information or feel an item does not apply, please fill in the N/A checkbox.
The program allowed you to practice engineering science fundamentals in the solution of real
problems.
[ ] Strongly Agree [ ] Agree [ ] Neutral
[ ] Disagree [ ] Strongly Disagree
[ ] N/A
Professional communications skills were emphasized.
[ ] Strongly Agree [ ] Agree [ ] Neutral
[ ] Disagree [ ] Strongly Disagree
[ ] N/A
Team work skills were emphasized.
[ ] Strongly Agree [ ] Agree [ ] Neutral
[ ] Disagree [ ] Strongly Disagree
[ ] N/A
Case studies were extensively used in the courses.
[ ] Strongly Agree [ ] Agree [ ] Neutral
[ ] Disagree [ ] Strongly Disagree
[ ] N/A
Active learning activities were extensively used in the courses.
[ ] Strongly Agree [ ] Agree [ ] Neutral
[ ] Disagree [ ] Strongly Disagree
[ ] N/A
Computer technologies were extensively used in the classroom.
[ ] Strongly Agree [ ] Agree [ ] Neutral
[ ] Disagree [ ] Strongly Disagree
[ ] N/A
Hands-on engineering experiences were extensively used in the classroom.
[ ] Strongly Agree [ ] Agree [ ] Neutral
[ ] Disagree [ ] Strongly Disagree
[ ] N/A
The courses were set in an industrial like setting.
[ ] Strongly Agree [ ] Agree [ ] Neutral
[ ] Disagree [ ] Strongly Disagree
[ ] N/A
The MEEP courses you took had more design/manufacturing content than other similar
courses
at your institution.
[ ] Strongly Agree [ ] Agree [ ] Neutral
[ ] Disagree [ ] Strongly Disagree
[ ] N/A
The Learning Factory (LF) provided you with a fully integrated activity center for the creation
and implementation of products and processes.
[ ] Strongly Agree [ ] Agree [ ] Neutral
[ ] Disagree [ ] Strongly Disagree
[ ] N/A
The LF facility was well equipped to give me real life experience in "state of the art"
processes.
[ ] Strongly Agree [ ] Agree [ ] Neutral
[ ] Disagree [ ] Strongly Disagree
[ ] N/A
The LF facility was professionally staffed to allow me to experiences the product/process
realizations.
[ ] Strongly Agree [ ] Agree [ ] Neutral
[ ] Disagree [ ] Strongly Disagree
[ ] N/A
I feel that my participation in the MEEP Program has improved my career opportunities.
[ ] Strongly Agree [ ] Agree [ ] Neutral
[ ] Disagree [ ] Strongly Disagree
[ ] N/A
I learn better from classroom lecture then hands-on laboratory experience.
[ ] Strongly Agree [ ] Agree [ ] Neutral
[ ] Disagree [ ] Strongly Disagree
[ ] N/A
The MEEP courses provided more to my professional development than typical courses.
[ ] Strongly Agree [ ] Agree [ ] Neutral
[ ] Disagree [ ] Strongly Disagree
[ ] N/A
My MEEP course(s) were more fun than my typical engineering courses.
[ ] Strongly Agree [ ] Agree [ ] Neutral
[ ] Disagree [ ] Strongly Disagree
[ ] N/A
Because of the MEEP courses, I have a much better understanding of what engineering is.
[ ] Strongly Agree [ ] Agree [ ] Neutral
[ ] Disagree [ ] Strongly Disagree
[ ] N/A
As a result of this course, I am more confident in my ability to solve real-life problems.
[ ] Strongly Agree [ ] Agree [ ] Neutral
[ ] Disagree [ ] Strongly Disagree
[ ] N/A
As a result of this course, I feel more confident in my abilities to process information, and
teach
myself new things, without the aid of an instructor.
[ ] Strongly Agree [ ] Agree [ ] Neutral
[ ] Disagree [ ] Strongly Disagree
[ ] N/A
The MEEP instructors were superior to my typical university instructors.
[ ] Strongly Agree [ ] Agree [ ] Neutral
[ ] Disagree [ ] Strongly Disagree
[ ] N/A
COMMENTS:
1 Robert J. Coleman, The Engineering Education Coalitions, A Progress Report, ASEE PRISM, September 1996
2 Ibid.
3 User Friendly handbook for Proejct Evaluation, Floraline Stevens, et al,NSF 93-152
4 Stepping Ahead: An Assessment Plan Development Guide, Gloria M. Rogers, and Jean K. Sando, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology, 1996
5 The Learning Factory: A New Approach to Integrating Design and Manufacturing in Engineering Curricula, John Lamancusa et al, 1995 ASEE Conference Proceedings.
6 Resource: Stevens, Floraline et al, "User Friendly Handbook for Project Evaluation: Science, Mathematics, Engineering and Technology Education, NSF 93-152.
7 Resource: Suskie, Linda A., "Questionnaire Survey Research, What Works,2nd edition, Association for Institutional Research, Florida State University, 1996
8 Since this was a final outcomes assessment, tools were mostly utilized at the conclusion of the project.
9 S: students; F: faculty; I: industrial partners; O: others [e.g., other institutions outside the partnership]
10 Assessments all carried out at the conclusion of the project.